Why shouldn’t you write the introduction of a paper first?

Stop Writing Your Introduction First · 8:07 · Watch on YouTube
Short answer

Because the introduction frames a story whose ending you do not yet know. If you write each section when the project hands you its material (methods while collecting data, then results, discussion, introduction, and finally the abstract), most of the paper exists before the project ends, and the blank page never appears.

  • The blank page is usually an order problem, not a discipline problem.
  • Methods can be written as soon as data collection begins.
  • Results follow as the tables and figures fill: describe, do not interpret yet.
  • The literature you read to justify the idea becomes the backbone of the discussion.
  • The introduction and abstract come last, when you know how the story ends.

You open a blank document, type the word “Introduction”, and stop. It is not writer’s block, and it is not a discipline problem. You were asked to do something in an order that is not the most efficient one.

I wrote papers in that order for years: finish the data, sit down on a Sunday morning, start the introduction, finish one paragraph, and then the week begins. Weeks later, sometimes months later, the paper is still in its introduction. What changed was not discipline. I stopped writing the paper after the project ended, and started writing during the project, in a different order.

Why the blank page happens

We were taught to write from the top down: title, introduction, methods, results, discussion. It is logical. It is also where good projects quietly disappear.

The introduction asks you to position your whole study, including its findings, against the gap in the literature, at the moment you are least ready to do so. Week one, you struggle with it. Week two, you are on call. A few weeks later the document is unchanged and the momentum has gone. The project did not die at the idea, and it survived data collection. It died on a blank page.

The data was fine. The order was wrong.

The order that works

Write each section at the moment the work hands you the material for it. Done that way, the order becomes close to the reverse of the reading order:

  1. Methods, while you are still collecting data. The design is already decided, so this is description, not argument: the easiest section to write.
  2. Results, as the data fills. Build the tables, figures and key numbers first, then write plain sentences that describe them. No interpretation yet.
  3. Discussion. The papers you read at the start to justify the idea are the backbone of your discussion: the literature you now compare your findings against. That reading counts twice.
  4. Introduction, now short and confident, because it is much easier to frame a story when you know how it ends.
  5. Abstract, genuinely last: the finished paper, compressed, written for the journal you have chosen, its word count and its format.

Your reader still reads the paper from top to bottom. Nothing about the finished paper changes, only the order in which you write it. By the time data collection ends, two sections already exist.

One condition first

If the research question is not settled, settle it before anything else. The Research Brief is a ten-minute check on whether an idea is worth doing at all.

What the order will not do

Knowing the order is a big part of the battle, but not all of it. It will not tell you whether the idea is worth a paper, give you feedback on your writing and arguments, or hold you to a deadline. Those need another person and a clear system.

Keep the one-page writing map beside you for your next paper.

Original sources

Educational content for clinicians and trainees, reflecting the author's understanding at the date of review. It is not medical advice: if you are a patient, please discuss your care with your own clinical team.